OVERVIEW

We are currently seeking an Assistant Project Manager for our Miami Signature Bridge project in Miami, FL.

Does the idea of working on interesting and complex projects bring you joy? Are you challenged by making meaningful impact? Do you love solving problems by thinking creatively and trying new things? Are you an up-and-coming manager who always wants to do better? If so, we’ve got what you’re looking for!

Walsh Assistant Project Managers hunt for better ways of doing things. They are great listeners and soak up information in order to make better decisions. When they see potential in others, and they invest in it. They are on a journey to be the next generation of impactful leaders!

As a fourth-generation, family-owned business, Walsh recruits individuals who are seeking a small company feel with a large company backing. Walsh is a successful fast-growing company at the forefront of technology and is committed to being the employer of choice to our employees and the builder of choice to our customers.

Walsh is a company where, when you work hard, you will be recognized. If this sounds like you, please apply!

RESPONSIBILITIES

• Project planning, scheduling and coordination

• Safety and quality control management

• Accurate forecasting and management of budgets

• Change order management

• Managing critical subcontractors

• Manage Project Engineers

• Resolution of problems involving labor disputes, material delivery and contract administration

• Maintain vehicle, equipment, and tools management

QUALIFICATIONS

• 4+ years of experience

• Bachelor’s degree preferred

• Previous construction experience preferred

• Ability to establish relationships and lead people

• Specific roles may require relocation

Division: Transportation

Job Category: Project Management

Job Type: Full_time

The Walsh Group, Ltd. Is committed to providing equal opportunity to qualified applicants with disabilities to compete for jobs. To request a reasonable accommodation in completing this application, please contact the Human Resources Department at 312-563-5905 or hr@walshgroup.com.

An Equal Opportunity Employer, Disability/Veteran

OVERVIEW

We are currently seeking an Assistant Project Manager for our DFW Terminal F project, in Dallas, TX.

Does the idea of working on interesting and complex projects bring you joy? Are you challenged by making meaningful impact? Do you love solving problems by thinking creatively and trying new things? Are you an up-and-coming manager who always wants to do better? If so, we’ve got what you’re looking for!

Walsh Assistant Project Managers hunt for better ways of doing things. They are great listeners and soak up information in order to make better decisions. When they see potential in others, and they invest in it. They are on a journey to be the next generation of impactful leaders!

As a fourth-generation, family-owned business, Walsh recruits individuals who are seeking a small company feel with a large company backing. Walsh is a successful fast-growing company at the forefront of technology and is committed to being the employer of choice to our employees and the builder of choice to our customers.

Walsh is a company where, when you work hard, you will be recognized. If this sounds like you, please apply!

RESPONSIBILITIES

• Project planning, scheduling and coordination

• Safety and quality control management

• Accurate forecasting and management of budgets

• Change order management

• Managing critical subcontractors

• Manage Project Engineers

• Resolution of problems involving labor disputes, material delivery and contract administration

• Maintain vehicle, equipment, and tools management

QUALIFICATIONS

• 4+ years of experience

• Bachelor’s degree preferred

• Previous construction experience preferred

• Ability to establish relationships and lead people

• Specific roles may require relocation

Division: Building

Job Category: Project Management

Job Type: Full_time

The Walsh Group, Ltd. Is committed to providing equal opportunity to qualified applicants with disabilities to compete for jobs. To request a reasonable accommodation in completing this application, please contact the Human Resources Department at 312-563-5905 or hr@walshgroup.com.

An Equal Opportunity Employer, Disability/Veteran

OVERVIEW

We are currently seeking an Assistant Project Superintendent for our DFW Terminal F project, in Dallas, TX.

Are you someone that will take ownership for ensuring things are handled right? Do you trust your instincts to ensure that a project is carried out safely? Do you strive to finish projects on schedule and on budget to the highest standard of quality? If yes, then keep reading!

As a fourth-generation, family-owned business, Walsh recruits individuals who are seeking a small company feel with a large company backing. Walsh is a successful fast-growing company at the forefront of technology and is committed to being the employer of choice to our employees and the builder of choice to our customers.

RESPONSIBILITIES

• Assist superintendent and other project staff

• Maintain accurate and efficient scheduling of crews.

• Observe work operations recommends advancements to ensure that performance is productive, safe and of the highest quality.

• Lead and motivate team to complete all phases of work

• Provide general oversight of crew's safety planning and ensure it is completed

• Assist project management team ensuring compliance with legal and regulatory requirements of city, state and federal government

• Coordinate and communicate engineering and layout needs timely

QUALIFICATIONS

• High School diploma

• 4+ years of experience

• Basic computer skills are preferred

• Specific roles may require relocation

Division: Building

Job Category: Superintendent

Job Type: Full_time

The Walsh Group, Ltd. Is committed to providing equal opportunity to qualified applicants with disabilities to compete for jobs. To request a reasonable accommodation in completing this application, please contact the Human Resources Department at 312-563-5905 or hr@walshgroup.com.

An Equal Opportunity Employer, Disability/Veteran

About Austin Industrial

Austin Industrial provides premier self-perform maintenance, construction, and soft craft service to leading industrial companies across the U.S. An industry leader for more than 60 years, we offer single-source solutions to our customers in the oil, gas, chemical, food, agriculture, power, and manufacturing industries.

To learn more about us, visit .

Boilermaker

Construct, assemble, maintain, and repair stationary steam boilers and boiler house auxiliaries. Align structures or plate sections to assemble boiler frame tanks or vats, following blueprints. Work involves use of hand and power tools, plumb bobs, levels, wedges, dogs, or turnbuckles. Assist in testing assembled vessels. Engages in the direct cleaning of boilers and boiler furnaces. Inspect and repair boiler fittings, such as safety valves, regulators, automatic-control mechanisms, water columns, and auxiliary machines. This is accomplished by performing the following essential duties and responsibilities. Other duties may be assigned.

Specific Duties and Responsibilities:

• Examine boilers, pressure vessels, tanks, or vats to locate defects, such as leaks, weak spots, or defective sections, so that they can be repaired.
• Bolt or arc welds pressure vessel structures and parts together, using wrenches or welding equipment.
• Inspect assembled vessels or individual components, such as tubes, fittings, valves, controls, or auxiliary mechanisms, to locate any defects.
• Repair or replace defective pressure vessel parts, such as safety valves or regulators, using torches, jacks, caulking hammers, power saws, threading dies, welding equipment, or metalworking machinery.
• Attach rigging and signal crane or hoist operators to lift heavy frame and plate sections or other parts into place.
• Bell, bead with power hammers, or weld pressure vessel tube ends to ensure leakproof joints.
• Lay out plate, sheet steel, or other heavy metal and locate and mark bending and cutting lines, using protractors, compasses, and drawing instruments or templates.
• Install manholes, handholes, taps, tubes, valves, gauges, or feedwater connections in drums of water tube boilers, using hand tools.
• Study blueprints to determine locations, relationships, or dimensions of parts.
• Straighten or reshape bent pressure vessel plates or structure parts, using hammers, jacks, or torches.
• Shape seams, joints, or irregular edges of pressure vessel sections or structural parts to attain specified fit of parts, using cutting torches, hammers, files, or metalworking machines.
• Position, align, and secure structural parts or related assemblies to boiler frames, tanks, or vats of pressure vessels, following blueprints.
• Locate and mark reference points for columns or plates on boiler foundations, following blueprints and using straightedges, squares, transits, or measuring instruments.
• Shape or fabricate parts, such as stacks, uptakes, or chutes, to adapt pressure vessels, heat exchangers, or piping to premises, using heavy-metalworking machines such as brakes, rolls, or drill presses.
• Clean pressure vessel equipment, using scrapers, wire brushes, and cleaning solvents.
• Install refractory bricks or other heat-resistant materials in fireboxes of pressure vessels.
• Assemble large vessels in an on-site fabrication shop prior to installation to ensure proper fit.
• Other duties as assigned.
• Applicants must be legally authorized to work for ANY employer in the United States. Austin is unable to sponsor or take over sponsorship of an employment visa for this position.

Physical Demands:

The physical demands described here are representative of those that must be met by an employee to successfully perform the essential functions of this job. Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions. While performing the duties of this Job, the employee is regularly required to sit; use hands to finger, handle, or feel and reach with hands and arms. The employee is frequently required to stand; walk; climb or balance; stoop, kneel, crouch, or crawl; talk or hear and taste or smell. The employee must regularly lift and /or move up to 25 pounds and may frequently lift and/or move up to 50 pounds. Specific vision abilities required by this job include close vision, distance vision, peripheral vision, depth perception and ability to adjust focus.

Qualifications Required for this Position:

Education: no minimum education requirements.

Certification/License: NCCER Boilermaker certification, a Valid Driver’s License and TWIC Card

Experience: 3-5 years of Journeyman level experience.

Austin Industrial is an Equal Opportunity Employer.

• See the “Know Your Rights” poster available in and .

No Third-Party Inquiries Please

• This Company does not accept and will not consider unsolicited resumes or any other unsolicited candidate information submitted to the Company or any of its employee-owners by staffing agencies, search firms, or third-party recruiters in response to a posted vacancy.The Company will not pay any placement fee(s) without a written agreement to do so (e., payment must be required pursuant to the terms of a written agreement).

Accessibility Note

• If you are a job seeker with a disability and require reasonable accommodation to apply for one of our jobs or have accessibility concerns, please contact thePeople Services Teamat(877) 831-1217.

About Austin Industrial

Austin Industrial provides premier self-perform maintenance, construction, and soft craft service to leading industrial companies across the U.S. An industry leader for more than 60 years, we offer single-source solutions to our customers in the oil, gas, chemical, food, agriculture, power, and manufacturing industries.

To learn more about us, visit .

Boilermaker

Construct, assemble, maintain, and repair stationary steam boilers and boiler house auxiliaries. Align structures or plate sections to assemble boiler frame tanks or vats, following blueprints. Work involves use of hand and power tools, plumb bobs, levels, wedges, dogs, or turnbuckles. Assist in testing assembled vessels. Engages in the direct cleaning of boilers and boiler furnaces. Inspect and repair boiler fittings, such as safety valves, regulators, automatic-control mechanisms, water columns, and auxiliary machines. This is accomplished by performing the following essential duties and responsibilities. Other duties may be assigned.

Specific Duties and Responsibilities:

• Examine boilers, pressure vessels, tanks, or vats to locate defects, such as leaks, weak spots, or defective sections, so that they can be repaired.
• Bolt or arc welds pressure vessel structures and parts together, using wrenches or welding equipment.
• Inspect assembled vessels or individual components, such as tubes, fittings, valves, controls, or auxiliary mechanisms, to locate any defects.
• Repair or replace defective pressure vessel parts, such as safety valves or regulators, using torches, jacks, caulking hammers, power saws, threading dies, welding equipment, or metalworking machinery.
• Attach rigging and signal crane or hoist operators to lift heavy frame and plate sections or other parts into place.
• Bell, bead with power hammers, or weld pressure vessel tube ends to ensure leakproof joints.
• Lay out plate, sheet steel, or other heavy metal and locate and mark bending and cutting lines, using protractors, compasses, and drawing instruments or templates.
• Install manholes, handholes, taps, tubes, valves, gauges, or feedwater connections in drums of water tube boilers, using hand tools.
• Study blueprints to determine locations, relationships, or dimensions of parts.
• Straighten or reshape bent pressure vessel plates or structure parts, using hammers, jacks, or torches.
• Shape seams, joints, or irregular edges of pressure vessel sections or structural parts to attain specified fit of parts, using cutting torches, hammers, files, or metalworking machines.
• Position, align, and secure structural parts or related assemblies to boiler frames, tanks, or vats of pressure vessels, following blueprints.
• Locate and mark reference points for columns or plates on boiler foundations, following blueprints and using straightedges, squares, transits, or measuring instruments.
• Shape or fabricate parts, such as stacks, uptakes, or chutes, to adapt pressure vessels, heat exchangers, or piping to premises, using heavy-metalworking machines such as brakes, rolls, or drill presses.
• Clean pressure vessel equipment, using scrapers, wire brushes, and cleaning solvents.
• Install refractory bricks or other heat-resistant materials in fireboxes of pressure vessels.
• Assemble large vessels in an on-site fabrication shop prior to installation to ensure proper fit.
• Other duties as assigned.
• Applicants must be legally authorized to work for ANY employer in the United States. Austin is unable to sponsor or take over sponsorship of an employment visa for this position.

Physical Demands:

The physical demands described here are representative of those that must be met by an employee to successfully perform the essential functions of this job. Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions. While performing the duties of this Job, the employee is regularly required to sit; use hands to finger, handle, or feel and reach with hands and arms. The employee is frequently required to stand; walk; climb or balance; stoop, kneel, crouch, or crawl; talk or hear and taste or smell. The employee must regularly lift and /or move up to 25 pounds and may frequently lift and/or move up to 50 pounds. Specific vision abilities required by this job include close vision, distance vision, peripheral vision, depth perception and ability to adjust focus.

Qualifications Required for this Position:

Education: no minimum education requirements.

Certification/License: NCCER Boilermaker certification, a Valid Driver’s License and TWIC Card

Experience: 3-5 years of Journeyman level experience.

Austin Industrial is an Equal Opportunity Employer.

• See the “Know Your Rights” poster available in and .

No Third-Party Inquiries Please

• This Company does not accept and will not consider unsolicited resumes or any other unsolicited candidate information submitted to the Company or any of its employee-owners by staffing agencies, search firms, or third-party recruiters in response to a posted vacancy.The Company will not pay any placement fee(s) without a written agreement to do so (e., payment must be required pursuant to the terms of a written agreement).

Accessibility Note

• If you are a job seeker with a disability and require reasonable accommodation to apply for one of our jobs or have accessibility concerns, please contact thePeople Services Teamat(877) 831-1217.

Functional Areas of Responsibility

• Project leadership, develop and manage teams
• Successful relationship with customer, owners, engineers, service suppliers and vendors, etc.
• Proposal and estimate development and review
• Contract administration including billing and change order negotiation Job cost administration and forecasting for internal and external stakeholders
• Steward process to support high level of productivity performance and reporting
• Set WBS to support schedule development, updating, and reporting
• Development and administration of project planning and work packaging following Advanced Work Packaging (AWP) principles
• Development of site logistics plan including material management and warehousing
• Develop and execute the project specific process for construction equipment management
• Mentor and provide timely and constructive feedback to subordinates as well as participate in annual reviews

Specific Duties and Responsibilities

Contract Administration

• Read the prime contract and ensure all reporting obligations and deliverables are identified and met
• Holds customers, subcontractors, and vendors accountable to the performance of the agreements
• Setup and manage document control system including drawings and specifications, submittals, RFIs, correspondence, meeting notes, etc. Coordinate with IT to establish project UFS folders and access rights.
• Develop detailed scope of work for subcontracts including required technical documents as well as contractual requirements for schedule and cost performance and reporting.
• Perform a detailed review of subcontractor bids and issue agreements when negotiations have been concluded. Ensure that subcontractors have all the required bonds and insurance policies in place before allowing work to begin. Engage the Risk Management Department when negotiations result in non-pre approved revisions to the boilerplate agreement.
• Review and evaluate subcontractor pay applications, confirm coding, approve invoices and sign pay requests. Ensure that all subcontractor closeout documentation is submitted including lien waivers, and ensure punch list items are satisfactorily resolved before authorizing final release of retainage.
• Review pay requests, ensuring that billings are accurate and processed in a timely manner. If delays in payment are encountered, the Project Manager identifies and corrects the cause of the delay to expedite payment.
• Ensure change order pricing is inclusive of all related cost and schedule impacts and is aligned with the prime contract terms and rates. Submit and negotiate proposed changes, ensuring that necessary customer approvals have been obtained in writing before construction work begins.
• Provide preconstruction services such as defining Path Of Construction (POC), alignment of WBS between engineering and construction, constructability input, identify opportunities for PPMOF, align schedule with WBS and POC, wage rate development, and preliminary General Conditions (Indirect) budget to assist customers in project evaluation and development.
• Administer tasks associated with financial completion of a project, including vendor closeout, completion reports, collection of final monies due, etc.

Cost and Productivity Management

• Project profit/loss accountability to include support of proper project controls methodologies and proactive measures are being taken to meet or beat budgeted costs
• Establish project work planning process and ensure alignment with AWP best practices, participate in the review and approval of Installation Work Packages (IWP)
• Align project team on the process to ensure daily time and quantity reporting is completed timely and accurately
• Review productivity and labor cost reports with the project team at regular intervals and ensure that Superintendent is kept up to date on unit costs and schedule attainment for the work and how it compares with the budget.
• Develop innovative methods for increasing efficiency, productivity, and profitability on the project.
• Monitor development of budgets to ensure all reporting systems are balanced and in alignment with project WBS and CBS, provide guidance and develop a process to correct when necessary
• Establish and maintain job cost reporting in CMiC in accordance with company policy.
• Prepare and present monthly Job Status Reports for review by management. Investigate and attempt to remedy cost variances that are not within established norms.
• Manage the change order process to ensure comprehensive evaluation, submission and execution of all change orders. Ensure all change orders are included in job cost

Scheduling

• Ensure project is completed prior to or within the contract requirements
• Schedule and coordinate all resources needed to meet project requirements
• Fully develop the project schedule by establishing the project WBS and creating a framework in the schedule to allow for progressive development as the planning process matures.
• Setup and ensure the project team is aligned on the process for how and when the schedule will be updated as well as how progress will be entered into the schedule (earned manhours vs % complete).
• Establish and participate in the process for schedule development including updating the sequence, duration, and scope of the IWP’s based on work plan development, change orders, field performance, availability of construction materials, and other factors that may impact the project schedule.
• Submit schedule updates as required by the contract documents

Quality

• Ensure project is completed to all applicable quality requirements.
• Review and approve the project quality plan.
• Ensure all quality submittals are approved in a timely manner and support the project schedule
• Ensure all vendors and suppliers have met Austin and customer quality requirements prior to issuing a PO or Subcontract
• Ensure timely inspection of work in progress to ensure that work put in place is in accordance with the plans and specifications. Together with the superintendent, ensure that uniformly high standards of quality are established and maintained throughout the project.
• Maintain accurate documentation of inspections and quality reviews, ensuring follow up inspections for all non-compliant work

Relationships

• Provide leadership to the project team to promote safety, quality, teamwork, respect and efficiency
• Develop and maintain the trust of the customers, owners, and engineers
• Effective working relationships with subcontractors and suppliers

Safety and Environmental

• Lead the project team to achieve the company objectives for safety performance. Instill a culture of a safe work environment throughout the project
• Assist in development, as well as review and approval of the project safety plan.
• Perform CARE audits and observations and ensure correction of hazardous conditions
• Ensure all environmental obligations required by the contract and regulatory agencies are fulfilled

Technical

• Four year degree in technical discipline.
• PMP certified or able to achieve certification within 1 year
• Demonstrated collegiate-level computer skills, mathematics, communication skills, and technical writing, with an aptitude for mastering the additional skills required of the position
• Understanding of engineering or construction principles
• Read and interpret project drawings and specifications
• Ability to forecast cost for self-performed work and to determine labor and equipment resources are in line with project needs
• Ensure compliance with all applicable federal, state, and municipal laws, ordinances and building codes related to construction.
• Management competency in managing Lump Sum, Unit Price, Time & Material projects
• Contribute to project pursuit efforts and effectively present to groups or in interviews for project competitions.

Other

• Perform other duties as assigned

OVERVIEW

We are currently seeking a Cost Engineer for our Miami Signature Bridge project in Miami, FL.

Are you someone who flourishes on solving problems? Do you leverage data to make decisions and recommendations? Are you excited about working on a team collaboratively to solve these problems? Do you inspire people to want to do better? If this sounds like you, then we want to hear from you!

Walsh Project Engineers are bright and caring people who are motivated by a challenge. They get things done because they plan their work and then work their plan. They put the same amount of time into building and maintaining relationships as they do in managing their production.

As a fourth-generation, family-owned business, Walsh recruits individuals who are seeking a small company feel with a large company backing. Walsh is a successful fast-growing company at the forefront of technology and is committed to being the employer of choice to our employees and the builder of choice to our customers.

Walsh is a company where, when you work hard, you will be recognized. If this sounds like you, please apply!

RESPONSIBILITIES

• Document control (RFIs, submittals, change orders, claims, etc.)

• Assisting and supporting project team with daily project coordination

• Procurement of construction materials

• Monitor project costs in real-time (labor, equipment, materials, subcontractors).

• Prepare monthly or quarterly cost-to-complete reports.

• Update cost reports regularly and flag any variances.

• Compare actual costs against budgeted amounts

• Compare planned progress vs. actual progress in terms of cost and schedule.

• Evaluate whether the project is ahead/behind schedule or over/under budget.

• Coordination of subcontractors

• Project estimating

QUALIFICATIONS

• 1+ years of experience

• Bachelor’s degree preferred

• Previous internship, co-op, or employment experience is a plus

• Specific roles may require relocation

Division: Transportation

Job Category: Project Management

Job Type: Full_time

The Walsh Group, Ltd. Is committed to providing equal opportunity to qualified applicants with disabilities to compete for jobs. To request a reasonable accommodation in completing this application, please contact the Human Resources Department at 312-563-5905 or hr@walshgroup.com.

An Equal Opportunity Employer, Disability/Veteran

The Brock Group provides specialty craft and maintenance services to key industries across North America. We are dedicated to offering the safest and highest quality service and solutions. We view ourselves as partners with our customers, our employees and the communities in which we operate. Our performance-driven culture is led by having and developing the best people, the most efficient processes and the right tools for the job.

Qualifications and Detail about the Position

Summary:

A Scaffold Builder is responsible for building, demoing, staging and modifying components of scaffolding.

Responsibilities:

Essential Functions

Location Information:

TPC Group LLC Houston

Location of Job:US:TX:Houston

Shift:

Exempt: No

Work Type:Full Time

Working Conditions:

ORIENTATION - Must be able to successfully pass Brock and/or Safety Council Site Specific Orientation requirements.

HEAVY WORK - Lifting up to 50 pounds of force from the floor to the waist and 35 pounds of force from the waist to above shoulder.

CLIMBING - Ascending or descending ladders, stairs, scaffolding, ramps, and the like, to elevations in excess of 100 feet, to maintain three-point contact at all times.

LADDERS - Using vertical ladders Frequently up to 100 feet - Activity exists up to 60% of the work shift.

STAIRS & RAMPS - Using stairs or ramps: Occasionally up to 100 feet - Activity exists up to 40% of the work shift.

BALANCING - Maintaining body equilibrium to prevent falling when walking, standing, crouching, on unprotected elevated surfaces using fall protection equipment; or maintaining body equilibrium when performing scaffold construction at elevations using fall protection equipment. Frequently - Activity exists up to 60% of the work shift.

STOOPING - Bending body downward and forward by bending at the waist, requiring full use of the leg and back muscles on a repetitive basis. Frequently - Activity exists up to 60% of the work shift.

KNEELING - Bending legs at knee to come to a rest on knee or knees. Occasionally - Activity exists up to 40% of the work shift.

CROUCHING - Bending the body downward and forward by bending legs and waist. Frequently - Activity exists up to 60% of the work shift.

REACHING - Extending hand(s) and arm(s) in order to receive materials from ground level weighing up to 50 pounds as it is being passed and 35 pounds from overhead. Frequently - Activity exists up to 60% of the work shift.

GRIPPING - Seizing, holding, grasping, turning, or otherwise working with hand or hands to receive materials weighing up to 50 pounds. Picking, pinching, or otherwise working with fingers rather than with the whole hand or arm as in handling. Frequently - Activity exists up to 60% of the work shift.

VISION - Have 20/40 vision with or without correction in at least one eye.

HEARING - Must be able to hear a forced whispered voice in one ear, the better ear, at not less than five feet with or without the use of a hearing aid.

WEATHER EXPOSURE - Exposure to outside atmospheric conditions. Conditions can range from -10 to 110 degrees Fahrenheit. Constantly - Condition exists in excess of 60% of the work shift.

PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - Must be able to properly do all required personal protective equipment for the requirements of the job for up to the entire work shift.

INSULATION TOOLS - Use Insulation tools commonly associated with type or work.

We conform to all the laws, statutes, and regulations concerning equal employment opportunities and affirmative action. We strongly encourage women, minorities, individuals with disabilities and veterans to apply to all of our job openings. We are an equal opportunity employer and all qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or national origin, age, disability status, Genetic Information & Testing, Family & Medical Leave, protected veteran status, or any other characteristic protected by law. We prohibit Retaliation against individuals who bring forth any complaint, orally or in writing, to the employer or the government, or against any individuals who assist or participate in the investigation of any complaint or otherwise oppose discrimination.